Intricate Human Relationships Free Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theIntricate Human Relationships. Answer: That day, I visited my auntie who has been hospitalized for half a month. Subsequent to visiting her, I thought of having a nibble at the medical clinic lounge. Albeit swarmed, the lounge offered a snapshot of harmony for me as I sat having a taste of espresso. The quietness and harmony before long began to give bizarre vibes to me and I couldn't understand what it was. To cause these unusual emotions to leave, I thought back about the days when I would go to my aunties place have a great time. Lost somewhere down in my musings, I continued gazing outside the entryway of the break room when unexpectedly my eyes struck seeing a durable looking individual. I understood that he may have been gazing at me for quite a while yet I neglected to see, as I was lost in my considerations. I need to concede that his gaze conjured a bizarre inclination in me; an inclination that I preferred. After snapshots of trading looks, I gazed away. In the following second, he was alongside me. That second shook me and just because most likely, in my 20 years of life, my heart beat quicker than it could possibly do. This continued for couple of days more and I don't have the foggiest idea when I got dependent on him. His perspective on and causing me to feel timid without expressing a word captivated me. More than anything, his look when he discovers me converse with some other kid, gave a feeling that he was into profound with me. Things went the extent that he began going to my place, in spite of the fact that I had no clue about how he knew where I remained. Afterward, I speculated he may have followed me back home. This appeared to be a dream materializing for me. To a lady of 20 years, accepting such consideration appears to be a dream working out as expected.

What Happened to Kmart Free Essays

Contextual investigation †What Happened to Kmart? 1. Assess Kmart utilizing the worth chain and serious powers models. What was Kmart’s plan of action and business system? Kmart has various issues with its worth chain. We will compose a custom paper test on What Happened to Kmart or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now This is obvious from the providers sending things that the providers need to sell, racks remaining unstocked, the â€Å"hand shifting† reordering process for well known things, items being designated by focal organizers and not founded on singular store request, overabundance stock put away in 15,000 truck-trailers behind its stores, shrinkage, and deciding to either deliver toothpaste or Christmas trees. Since its passage as the principal rebate store during the 1960s, Kmart has not had the option to avert new participants into the markdown chain business. The new contestants, for example, Wal-Mart and Target, have gone ahead solid and outperformed Kmart. Kmart’s providers appear to make major decisions with the retailer, since they are advancing the things that they can sell and not helping Kmart address its mounting issues. Kmart’s clients are casting a ballot with their wallets and shopping at its competitors’ stores. Kmart utilizes an advancements drive plan of action. The organization utilizes publicizing booklets to advance its â€Å"blue-light† specials. 2. What was the relationship of data frameworks to Kmart’s business procedures and business system? How all around did its frameworks bolster its procedure? Kmart’s data frameworks and its business procedures and business technique were not in arrangement. For instance, the data frameworks could gather information, yet the information were not accessible for examination and dynamic purposes. As the case makes reference to, anticipating choices depended on management’s judgment, not on the information. Kmart’s frameworks didn't bolster its procedure. One of the issues referenced for the situation is that its gracefully chain the board framework couldn't without much of a stretch suit the sharp increments and diminishes sought after. The appropriation center’s obsolete innovation prompted supplies sitting on beds for 24 hours until they were recorded in the focal following framework. When reordering well known items, the representatives would hand filter through past buying receipts. . What the executives, association, and innovation factors added to Kmart’s issues? From the case, apparently Kmart the board is conflicting with its execution of the company’s methodology. The board can't utilize information to estimate request; it has dismissed its center capabilities, and can't change Kmart’s picture. Despite the fact that administr ation needed to rebuild its gracefully chain, it kept on growing its item contributions, rather than concentrating on the quickest selling things. Mr. Conaway’s plan to rebuild Kmart has clearly not worked out. Despite the fact that Mr. Conaway needed the nearby stores to settle on their own stocking choices, the stocking choices were all the while being made by the focal organizers. At the point when the new framework was introduced, Mr. Buzek offered the remark that â€Å"the data would be pointless on the grounds that administration just didn’t put stock in the framework. † Although the organization utilizes an advancements driven methodology, the organization diminished its publicizing handouts. As the case calls attention to, no other option for accomplishing the procedure was given. Despite the fact that Kmart needed to reevaluate its flexibly chain, the board was reluctant to bring together the conveyance system’s two PCs in light of the fact that the venture was excessively costly. From a hierarchical point of view, the providers, focal organizers, business forms, singular stores, stockrooms, and conveyance focus have unequivocal correspondence issues and are not sharing information as proficiently as could reasonably be expected. One could contend that next to no information sharing is going on. Focal organizers are settling on the stocking choices for the individual stores, however what should be loaded at each store isn't as a rule adequately conveyed. From an innovation point of view, obsolete innovation and contrary frameworks were set up. The new i2 venture didn't prevail for an assortment of reasons, including the requirement for more equipment, the failure of the undertaking to interface the retail location frameworks and stock frameworks to the circulation frameworks, and not being sufficiently vigorous to deal with an enormous number of SKUs. 4. How significant was gracefully affix the board in adding to Kmart’s issues? Assess Conaway’s choice to utilize i2 programming to improve Kmart’s gracefully chain the board. Gracefully chain the executives was imperative to Kmart. Kmart has been not able to effectively deal with its inbound coordinations, activities, deals and showcasing, administration, and outbound coordinations. Shockingly, the company’s powerlessness to viably deal with its flexibly affix prompted ineffectual publicizing, loads of things being overloaded, mainstream things being understocked, an enormous item offering, poor correspondence with providers and its specialty units, things sitting on beds holding back to be gone into the focal following framework, and delivery issues. The objectives for the i2 venture were honorable, since the task should improve Kmart’s deals determining, stock sourcing, coordinations, and announcing. The undertaking should encourage micromarketing, provider item following, request execution, shipment planning, and conveyance following. It is fascinating that Mr. Conaway picked i2 Technologies for the new flexibly chain the executives venture, since i2 Technologies had â€Å"only later and restricted involvement with the retail division. The choice to utilize i2 Technologies was not a decent choice, since the framework was not intended to work with the huge number of SKUs, Kmart (as indicated by a few) discounted and surrendered a portion of its i2 programming, the task fell bogged down, and the failure to associate the retail location frameworks and stock frameworks to the conveyance frameworks. 5. Were those reprimanding programming for the breakdown of Kmart right? Clarify your answer. As a matter of fact, there is suf ficient fault to go around. 2 Technologies did a poor activity breaking down and structuring the framework for Kmart. It additionally creates the impression that Kmart’s the executives didn't get behind the task and was likewise reluctant to change its center business forms. 6. It has been said that â€Å"Wal-Mart utilizes their IT deliberately, and they completely coordinate it into their working model. † Does this announcement apply to Kmart? Clarify your reaction. This announcement doesn't matter to Kmart. Kmart is utilizing an obsolete plan of action and has been reluctant to change its model. Its reluctance to change is one reason why Wal-Mart and Target have had the option to effectively go up against Kmart and why Kmart is in chapter 11. 7. Rundown the issues Conaway confronted when he took over Kmart, and afterward portray the short-and long-go strategies you would have followed had you been in his place. At the point when Mr. Conaway took over Kmart, he confronted a few issues, including hardened rivalry from Wal-Mart and Target. The organization was utilizing an obsolete plan of action, going through more cash than the opposition to get its merchandise into its stores, its data frameworks were gathering information however not utilizing it viably, it had noteworthy issues with its whole worth chain, it had a tacky notoriety, its racks were frequently vacant, it offered a wide scope of items, it gave poor client care, and it couldn't have cared less about the opposition. Understudies will give an assortment of short-and long-extend approach suggestions. Step by step instructions to refer to What Happened to Kmart, Papers

Summertime Sadness Settling In

Summertime Sadness Settling In As Summer comes to a close and the bleakness of parting with the town that built you begins to settle, one cant help but realize how important 18 years is. 18 years of the same friends surrounding you, teachers developing you, and parents nagging you. 18 years of memories: your first bike ride, your first sleepover, your first love and first heartbreak. Leaving home can be scary, but looking past the fear of change is the mass opportunity of growth. In the year to come, you will, indefinitely, growand I dont just mean in pant sizes. They say retrospect is 20/20. Looking back on my senior year of high school, there are many mistakes that I made, many failures I endured, and at the time they seemed so large, so monumental. Theyre not. Let me say that again for all the parents out there: THEY ARE NOT. That one test you got a C on? Not a big deal. That detention you got for hitting the snooze button one too many times? Not a big deal. Because all of those errors, all of those failures, and each and every experience will give you a chance to grow once you leave home. You will learn how to study, how to cram, and how to prioritize, and that is just the start of it. You will also learn about yourself, your identity, and your values. And while that feeling of security from your home town will never go away, use this next year and every year after to really jump start your growth into the incredible adult you can be. Rachel Class of 2020 I am studying Middle Grades Education with concentrations in Social Sciences and Literacy in the College of Education. Although I now reside in Champaign, I am originally from Vernon Hills, a Northwest suburb of Chicago.

Analysis Of The Movie Booker - 1276 Words

Booker, 18, was out job searching, trying to figure out what he wanted to do with his life. He kept trying to find a job to help out his mom since she was getting old and sick. Booker’s father was one of the 900 dead in the First Battle of Bull Run. His older brothers were out already fighting in the war and were sending money to their own wives. But Booker never liked violence. He was a pacifist. Everywhere he kept hearing to just join the army, go to war, that’s what all his friends did. But after weeks of not being able to find work, he was forced into the war due to the draft. Booker never left New York in his life; it was his home. Booker had no choice but to go to war; his mother needed money and he didn’t have the money to get out†¦show more content†¦The journey took weeks and food was running short along with water. All the men were getting tired of the constant marching, the gear was getting heavy, and the hot sun wasn’t helping them at all. To Booker’s surprise, some of the men already went down due to these terrible living conditions. They finally met with the confederates in the Henrico County, Virginia for the Battle of Fair Oaks. Booker went to take a position secluded from as many people as he can, hoping that he wouldn’t have to kill anyone. He was up on a slightly elevated part behind a few trees laying down, watching as the men got closer to each other. Finally after they reached a position close enough to each other, the battle began. Booker couldn’t believe how loud it was. He turned away and heard the screams of men getting shot. He heard the artillery being fired and crashing down on a group of soldiers. He didn’t know what to do. Booker never wanted to fire his gun. Eventually he looked back through the rifle and saw a bullet fly into one of his fellow soldier’s head; the bullet entered the man’s head and was stuck there. Booker saw the pieces of the man’s skull flying through the air, blood running down his head, Booker even heard his screams. Booker threw up immediately afterwards. Eventually Booker finally was able to look through the sniper scope again. He saw hundreds lying there, dead. Some were lying and screaming for help. He saw medicals group rushing

The Privacy Of The Hipaa Privacy Laws - 1325 Words

The Right to Keep It Hidden Everyone hides behind a mask of what they want others to know, but when that mask is removed, the private information nobody wants leaked spills out. Until 2003, there was no mask protecting the confidentiality of peoples’ most private information, their private medical history. Before this time, patients had no right to protect their medical information, and no control over who could access it. The HIPAA Privacy Rule locked away the once open book of patients’ medical information in a safe solely controlled by the patient. This federal law, created by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, became the â€Å"first federal healthcare information privacy law†, and addresses patients’ rights pertaining to their medical information (Solove 5). In order for patients to continue to have medical privacy and control over their medical records, the HIPAA Privacy Rule needs to remain a strongly enforced federal law. The HIPAA Privacy Rule allows patients to be the dominant controller of their personal medical information by giving them the choice to limit the accessibility of their medical record to others, and the opportunity to obtain their medical record at any time (Solove 1). By giving the patient access to his or her personal medical record, he or she is able to become aware of what information is inside. This gives the patient the opportunity to address a mistake in the medical information with his or her doctor. If the doctor disagrees with theShow MoreRelatedHIPAA: Privacy and Security Rules The Computer, the Nurse and You1436 Words   |  6 PagesHIPAA: Privacy and Security Rules The Computer, the Nurse and You Introduction How would you like to keep track of your personal health information record in your computer at home? The electronic data exchange was one of the goals of the government to improve the delivery and competence of the U.S. healthcare system. To achieve this plan, the U.S. Congress passed a regulation that will direct its implementation. The Department of Health and Human Services is the branch of the government thatRead MoreEssay about Hipaa: Impact the Delivery of Human Services1272 Words   |  6 PagesHIPAA: Impact the Delivery of Human Services July 12, 2008 Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was signed on 21st August 1996 by the U.S President Bill Clinton. Most healthcare insurance companies and providers are to remain to the HIPAA regulation guidelines by October 2002 and October 2003 for smaller health plans. If you are in the healthcare industry, you have probably heard some rumblings about the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act ofRead MoreHealth Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Essay1382 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is divided into five titles. Title I is health insurance portability, Title II is administrative simplification, Title III is medical savings accounts and health insurance tax related provisions, Title IV is enforcement of group health plan provisions, and title V is revenue offsets. HIPAA affects many features of health care, including providing the privacy rights of patients for release of personal data, financial and medicalRead MoreThe Role of Government in Policy790 Words   |  4 Pagesclient’s needs. Laws and judicial decisions influence this healthcare organizations day-to-day business. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) was established in 1996 to protect the rights of individuals when receiving services from health organizations. HIPAA ensures the privacy and confidentiality of individual’s health information. Health information could be protected on paper, oral communication, or electronically. If an individual’s privacy is violated in anyRead MoreHealth Insurance Portability And Accountability Act1222 Words   |  5 PagesPortability and Accountability Act, known as HIPAA. The primary purpose of HIPAA was to protect an individual from losing their health insurance; If they decided to change jobs or have pre-existing conditions. Another purpose of HIPAA was to reduce the costs and administrative burdens of healthcare by creating electronic formats. HIPAA is also used to develop standards and requirements to protect the privacy and security of protected health information. HIPAA consist of five titles. The main two importantRead MoreHippa Violation1569 Words   |  7 Pagesfor Milo Sampson’s M230/HSC2641 Section 04 - Medical Law and Ethics class. HIPPA Violation – Privacy Rule Thesis: Preventing violations of the HIPAA Privacy Rule greatly impacts any health care professional, specifically patient information as it relates to a pharmacy and its entire staff. Ever wonder what the acronym HIPAA stands for, how it relates to health care professionals, as well as you, the patient? Violations of the HIPAA Privacy rule greatly impacts health care professionals, specificallyRead MoreHipaa, Health Insurance And Portability Act Of 19961577 Words   |  7 Pages HIPAA (Health Insurance and Portability Act of 1996), outlines rules, regulations and the rights of patients to access their healthcare information such as notifications of privacy practices, copying and viewing medical records, and amendments. This paper explains why confidentiality is important today and discusses recourses patients can use if they believe their privacy has been violated. This paper will also discuss criminal and civil penalties’ that can occur for breaking HIPAA privacy rulesRead MoreHipaa, Health Insurance And Portability Act Of 19961576 Words   |  7 PagesHIPAA, (Health Insurance and Portability Act of 1996) outlines rules and regulations and the rights of patients to access their healthcare information such as notifications of privacy practices, copying and viewing medical records, and amendments. This paper explains why confidentiality is important today and discusses recourses patients can use if they believe their privacy has been violated. Thi s paper will also discuss criminal and civil penalties’ that can occur for breaking HIPAA privacy rulesRead MoreHipaa, Health Insurance And Portability Act Of 19961574 Words   |  7 PagesHIPAA, (Health Insurance and Portability Act of 1996) outlines rules and regulations and the rights of patients to access their healthcare information such as, notifications of privacy practices, copying and viewing medical records, and amendments. This paper explains why confidentiality is important today and discusses recourses patients can use if they believe their privacy has been violated. This paper will also discuss criminal and civil penalties’ that can occur for breaking HIPAA privacyRead MoreHealth Insurance Portability And Accountability Act Of 19961492 Words   |  6 Pagesprofessional are reminded of HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996) and the important role it plays in daily task. Every patient is protected under HIPAA there really is never an time that HIPAA does not apply to health information. The expectation to protecting private health information under HIPAA is within the school districts in the communities. The school districts records that contain students private health information does not fall under HIPAA regulations. That information

Vhdl for Synthesis Free Essays

ELE591 – VHDL for Synthesis Issue 1. 0: 1st December 2010 The purpose of this laboratory experiment is to familiarise you with the principles of VHDL for synthesis targeted at programmable logic devices. You will observe how various VHDL descriptions result in Register Transfer Level (RTL) implementations and how these can be implemented within specific logic devices. We will write a custom essay sample on Vhdl for Synthesis or any similar topic only for you Order Now The principles of back-annotation will also be explored and how this can be used to examine performance limitations of specific hardware resource mappings. This lab assumes you are already familiar with Xilinx ISE and ModelSim, given that ELE335 is a prerequisite for this module. If necessary, consult the ELE335 lab guide, which is included in the Coursework section of the ELE591 module webpage. Most of the VHDL files needed for this lab are also available from the same location. Exercise 1: Aim: To compare the results of different architectural descriptions for the same entity Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise1†. Add the file ex1a. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Select the Spartan3 as the target device Compile and synthesise the VHDL description and examine the design report file, paying particular attention to the resource utilisation summary (and timing path analysis). Also examine the RTL design. †¢ Repeat with the files ex1b. vhd and ex1c. vhd and compare the results. Exercise 2: Aim: To illustrate the use of â€Å"don’t care† values in synthesis Steps: †¢ Create a proje ct named â€Å"exercise2†. Add the file docare. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Add the file dontcare. hd as a â€Å"VHDL module† and repeat the synthesis. †¢ Compare the report files. Exercise 3: Aim: To illustrate logic resource requirements for conditional versus mutually exclusive input conditions Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise3†. Add the file cond. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Add the file exclusiv. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† and repeat the synthesis. †¢ Compare the report files. Also compare the timings at the design logic level and at the place and route level. Exercise 4: Aim: To review resource and timing requirements of a complex reset function Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise4†. Add the file cntpt. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile, synthesise and simulate the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Review the report file paying particular attention to the reset equation. †¢ Now examine the file cntpt2. vhd which employs a synchronous complex reset. †¢ Attempt to simulate the designs and comment on the reset timing in both cases. Exercise 5: Aim: To compare CPLD and FPGA implementations of a FIFO design Steps: Create a project named â€Å"exercise5†. Add the file fifo. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Recompile the design for a Coolrunner2. †¢ Compare the report files and the resulting RTL layouts. †¢ Place and route both designs †¢ Compare the design files paying particular attention to the maximum operating frequency and the amount of resources used. Which timing parameter is the limiting factor on the operating frequency in each case? Exercise 6: Aim: To illustrate the effects of implicit memory Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise6†. Add the file memcont. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device. †¢ Examine the report file. †¢ Add the file memcont2. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module†. In this file the signal assignments for oe, we and addr are removed from under the reset condition. †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device. †¢ Compare the report file with that of the original design. Verify that implicit memory resulted in the creation of a combinatorial latch. Exercise 7: Aim: To illustrate the advantage of â€Å"one hot† encoding of large state-machines implemented in FPGA architectures Steps: †¢ Create a project named â€Å"exercise7†. Add the file onehot. vhd as a â€Å"VHDL module† †¢ Compile and synthesise the design targeting the Spartan3 device †¢ Place and route the design and record the number of logic cells required, the setup time, clock-to-output delay and maximum operating frequency. †¢ Now employ the file notonehot. vhd. This uses the synthesis tool to assign values to the various enumerated states. Compile and synthesise the updated design targeting the Spartan3 device. †¢ Place and route the design and record the number of logic cells required, the setup time, clock-to-output delay and maximum operating frequency. †¢ Compare the results with the original design. This series of experiments should be written up as an INDIVIDUAL formal lab report. The report will be limited to a maximum of 8 pages of main text (i. e. omitting title page etc). The hand-in date is the 17th December, unless you are informed otherwise. How to cite Vhdl for Synthesis, Papers

Psychoticism and Creativity Theory

Question: Discuss about the Psychoticism and Creativity Theory. Answer: Introduction: The chief aim of the essay is to evaluate and understand multiple roles of creativity in bringing evolutionary impact on the education system. To perceive an in-depth knowledge about the function of creativity in term of education, the essay has considered evaluating some relevant theoretical concepts of creativity. The word Creativity is the definition of that particular ability through which a new and original idea can be constructed. In other words, creativity is probably the function of turning inventive, original and new concepts into reality. It is, therefore, the capability of finding patterns and ideas which are hidden and make use of them to procure new solutions. In the words of Craft et al., (2013), through creativity the world can perceive new ways to generate solutions. An important point to consider in this matter is the fruitfulness of creativity can be acquired when there will be a creative person, an original product along with a creative process. Thesis statement Creativity and education is interconnected and theories of psychoanalytical, humanistic and system jointly prepares a strong ground to support that. Creaytivity as opined by Wachanga, Kamonjo Okere, (2015), is a positive effort results from an inconvenient situation. Based on the concepts of Kumpulainen, Mikkola Jaatinen, (2014), the psychoanalytical theory is probably the oldest theoretical concept that argues that creativity is the preliminary act of reverting from a harsh situation. The conceptual approach of Psychoanalytical theory for creativity is that a creative person is the result of difficult and complicated circumstances. It is hence understandable that creativity is like a side of relief for a person to find the solution in a hostile universe, that effort through which innovative ideas step up. This theoretical concept has been propagated since Freud argued that creativity originates when conflict arises from tension and dissatisfaction. However, Sigmund Freud's words on education implicate that education is the process enabling an individual in taking active participation in culture without losing or harming the original energy of that particular. In the historical context, psychoanalytical tendencies in education have been related to the instinctual tendencies of the students. Following the Orthodox concept of Psychoanalytical theory, creativity among school going children evolves from the inner conflicts. In the context to first learning and child development, creative education is required as creativity is considered to be a responsible component for optimizing childrens psychological growth. On the other side, as argued by Davies et al., (2013), creativity regarding child education is necessary for enhancing personal, psychological growth and well being. . Creativity in eduction is advanced through the relation between a teacher and a student and their individual role regarding education. In the argumentative words of Sawyer, (2015), creativity through learning is dependable on children's emotion. The question may arise about the relation between a school teacher and a school child and the role of the teacher in bringing out the creative aspect of the child. The psychoanalytical theory argues that transference is the linking term between a teacher and a students creative approach. The concept elaborates that a teacher is a responsible factor for a childs social and psychological growth that further enhances the creative power of mind (Amabile, 2012). Consequently, it can be understood that craetivity among children relies upon emotion which is developed by an efficient teacher. The most significant idea of Freud that is relevant to a student's psychological maturity to procure creative thought into education is his comparison between creative process and alternative options for neurosis (Ramos Puccio, 2014). Sigmund Freud argued that creativity acts as a defense mechanism which gives protection against neurosis. It further leads to make a well accepted creation that turns out to be a piece of public pleasure. Therefore, the notion of creativity in education is subjected to the concepts fundamental attribute to perform as a defense. In words of Boothby (2014), this particular concept of creativity is relevant for education as creative education is an art and an art is considered to be best defense in terms of condensation or displacement. Therefore, it can be pointed out that creative education is a defense mechanism for students that ultimately turn into a work of appraisal. In countries like Canada and USA, creative thinking has been labeled as a primary essential component of learning. The National curricular center of Korea believes that an educated person is a creative person. Most importantly, in Sweden national plan of national development for overall educational center identifies education as the process of developing creative skills (Elliott, 2015). The fundamental problem with the psychoanalytic approach of creativity about education is that there is less discussion on the medium of unconscious transcends through which creativity releases. It is because unconscious transcends play a major role in engaging the energy to create something innovative. Hence, it performs as a beneficial sublimity which should have been discussed briefly in the psychoanalytic approach. The Humanistic theory, on the other hand, illustrates that human desires and demands rely upon basic needs which are water, food and comfort, safety needs that is security, and needs of love that is intimacy. The most important one prior to obtain self-actualisation is the need to have prestige and accomplishment. Once all of the needs are fulfilled, a person reaches the stage of self-actualization. As opined by Schneider, Pierson Bugental, (2014), a person can act in a meaningful manner when the person passes the level of self-actualization. The reason behind being able to become creative is the ability to meet all the needs. As per the argument of the theory, creativity is not subjected to any particular environment. The theory regarding learning provides a conceptual aspect that discerns that creativity is the chief factor in the case of advancing mental and physical growth in term of society that finally supports to become progressive towards learning. More briefly, based on the words of Laurens et al., (2012), self-actualization is the key through which a person can acquire freedom from all social controls and grabs the ability to become an innovative individual. However, the disadvantages of this method are that self-actualization is probably too hard for a pre-school or school going child and can only be applicable upon adult in education. It is because for a child, the prime need is limited within the basic ones and does not generally recah to the needs of safety, love and esteem. It should not be disregarded that the humanist concept of creativity is the development technique that helps to become less defensive, less judgmental (Amabile, 2012). Qualities like such provide the allowance to express any new idea with complete freedom. In education, there is always a place for new ideas and innovative thinking. The way to become a creative learner is the way of developing trust and conveying any new thought without any hesitance. For instance, in countries like the US, UK, and Australia, special scholarships are given to those students who are capable of showing exclusive learning performance by bringing or innovating any new idea or concept in their respective studies. In China, the role of creativity in education is to promote and motivate learners to develop creative learning in the discourses of education. For the school system of China, creative learning or giving opportunities to the students to become creative is the method of establishing the entire education system original (Ramos Puccio, 2014). However, since the propagation of network theory in the year 1980, the environment became a vital aspect of creativity. Creativity in learning became comprehensive when the role of the environment is being given excessive priority. By the words of Baer, (2012), in this particular field, the Humanistic theory seems less worthy. The Humanistic approach ultimately dishonors the role of environment. As per the system theory which is originated and influenced from Bertalanffy's general theory of system, the environment determines whether a person could reach the level of self-actualization to become innovative or not further. Humanistic theory, on the contrary, gives credit to the fundamental needs of human nature to curve the facet of creativity rather than environment. Nevertheless, in education, the environment does matter as it is a noteworthy fact that a trainee or student can develop quality growth in the socio-cultural and psychological side in an apt atmosphere. The psychoanalytic theory in this context matches with the concept of honoring the aspect of the environment to be a prime factor for creativity. It is because; the theory believes that difficult circumstance makes a person compelled enough to find a solution by creativity (Ramos Puccio, 2014). However, for pre-school and school going children both the theories of psychoanalytic and humanistic sound less upstanding. The relation between creativity and education is dominated by another bizarre aspect which is defined by the theory of Psychoticism, though psychotic traits are rare to construct creativity. According to Cassetta Goghari, (2014), the theory of Psychoticism is probably the most bizarre one among the other theoretical concepts of creativity. The Psychoticism theory of innovation or creativity denotes that the creativity is subjected to the psychotic tendencies those compel an individual to earn a creative personality. An argument can be escalated about the matter that the psychotic tendencies are more related to mental diseases like schizophrenia. Therefore, it cannot be expected that a patient suffering from schizophrenia can become a creative person. As argued by Laurens et al., (2012), the point that makes the ground strong for this theory is that a creative person needs to avoid the external controlling element of society or environment. Addition to that an original personality al ways perceives the world in a different way. People with psychotic tendencies are considered to have the preference in rejecting socio-cultural or absolute norm. In this ground, the attributes of a creative person match appropriately with the typical features of a schizophrenic patient. It is unfortunate enough that this particular theory has been several times neglected by educated individuals and theoreticians of educations and some of them are not even ready to call it a theory. As commented by Acar Runco, (2012), the main opposition to this theory is the concepts of this hypothesis cannot be practically applied to the real world. It is not a worth considering principle to drive a learner to acquire psychotic habits just to become a creative student. However, the evolutionary history of education indicates that there are number mathematicians, philosophers, scientists and many more academic personalities who are known for propagating innovative ideas. For instance mathematicians like John Nash would be probably an ideal example for this context that instead of having schizophrenic behavioral traits has gain immense praise globally. Most significantly, most of the first world domains like European; North American countries are taking initiatives to research the m atter that whether psychotic patients possess creative potentialities or not (Acar Runco, 2012). It is therefore an understandable fact that the theory of psychoticism is unfavorable to apply as psychotic habits which can turn into create something innovative is more genetic rather than an aspect of practice. From the entire essay, it is understandable that creativity is the method of enriching the global education system as creativity is indicative of that individual capability through which a person produces innovative ideas. Additionally, the article has pointed out that Humanistic theory of creativity is probably the most relevant theoretical approach for creative learning. The psychoanalytical theory has dominated the ground of creative learning over years until it has been found that creativity is not always a consequential aspect of an inconvenient situation. Nevertheless, from the entire discourse, it can be deduced that creativity in education depends on students psychological and social growth along with the very environment in which they are engaged in. References Acar, S., Runco, M. A. (2012). Psychoticism and creativity: A meta-analytic review.Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Arts,6(4), 341. Amabile, T. (2012).Componential theory of creativity(pp. 3-4). Boston, MA: Harvard Business School. Baer, J. (2012). Domain specificity and the limits of creativity theory.The Journal of Creative Behavior,46(1), 16-29. Boothby, R. (2014). Death and Desire (RLE: Lacan): Psychoanalytic Theory in Lacan's Return to Freud. Routledge. Cassetta, B., Goghari, V. (2014). Theory of mind reasoning in schizophrenia patients and non-psychotic relatives.Psychiatry research,218(1), 12-19. Craft, A., Cremin, T., Burnard, P., Dragovic, T., Chappell, K. (2013). Possibility thinking: culminative studies of an evidence-based concept driving creativity?.Education 3-13,41(5), 538-556. Davies, D., Jindal-Snape, D., Collier, C., Digby, R., Hay, P., Howe, A. (2013). Creative learning environments in educationA systematic literature review.Thinking Skills and Creativity,8, 80-91. Elliott, A. (2015).Psychoanalytic theory: An introduction. Palgrave MacMillan. Kumpulainen, K., Mikkola, A., Jaatinen, A. M. (2014). The chronotopes of technology-mediated creative learning practices in an elementary school community.Learning, Media and Technology,39(1), 53-74. Laurens, K. R., Hobbs, M. J., Sunderland, M., Green, M. J., Mould, G. L. (2012). Psychotic-like experiences in a community sample of 8000 children aged 9 to 11 years: an item response theory analysis.Psychological medicine,42(07), 1495-1506. Ramos, S. J., Puccio, G. J. (2014). Cross-cultural studies of implicit theories of creativity: a comparative analysis between the United States and the main ethnic groups in Singapore.Creativity Research Journal,26(2), 223-228. Sawyer, K. (2015). A Call to Action: The Challenges of Creative Teaching and Learning.Teachers College Record,117(10), n10. Schneider, K. J., Pierson, J. F., Bugental, J. F. (Eds.). (2014).The handbook of humanistic psychology: Theory, research, and practice. Sage Publications. Wachanga, S. W., Kamonjo, F. W., Okere, M. (2015). Relationship between Secondary School Boys Girls Chemistry Self Concept and their Scientific Creativity in Selected Counties in Kenya.Journal of Educational Policy and Entrepreneurial Research,2(2), 1-10.

A Tale of Two Cities Essay Example

A Tale of Two Cities Paper John Fitzgerald Kennedy said that The courage of life is often less dramatic than the courage of a final moment; but it is no less a magnificent mixture of triumph and tragedy. This quote can be interpreted to mean that when it all comes down to the end, courage might seem more significant than the courage of normal everyday life, but really they are both as significant as each other. I do agree with this quote because all forms of courage deserve the same recognition as each other. One work of literature that I feel support this quote are A Tale of Two Cities, a novel by Charles Dickens this work is a prime examples of literature that support this quote. Through the use of characterization Charles Dickens proves this quote. The character Sydney Carton is a man who appears to be not much. He is always drunk and unkept in his appearance. His character appears to be useless to any of the other characters in the story, but he really turns out to be one of the main essential characters in the novel. When Charles Darnay stands trial for being accused of being a spy who is giving English information to the French, Sydney saves Darnay by showing how much they both look alike and thereby making all other evidence admitted obsolete. This is a small everyday act of courage that Sydney commits and shows that he really is a good natured and smart person. When Darnay is held captive and sentenced to die at the guillotine, Sydney commits the greatest act of courage. He decides to save Darnay by trading places with him. He is able to carry out this plan because of how closely he resembles Darnay. We will write a custom essay sample on A Tale of Two Cities specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Tale of Two Cities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Tale of Two Cities specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Darnay does this because he has a great love for Darnay and his family, especially for Lucie Manette, Darnays wife. This act of courage though, unfortunately costs Sydney his life. Even so, he dies with grace and dignity because he realizes what a great sacrifice he is making for others. Another was that Charles Dickens proves this quote is through the theme that love has the power to comfort, heal, and redeem. Lucie Manette is the character who emulates this theme the most in the novel. She is a constant reminder that love can heal and rejuvenate. When she meets her father, Doctor Manette, she immediately tries to care for him and become close to him again. Her father soon becomes well again and does not yearn so much for his shoe makers bench, which used to give him comfort while he was imprisoned. She gives her father the courage to be recalled to life. Also she is seen as the golden thread that weaves everyone together, giving everyone courage to live through their triumphs and tragedies. Lucie not only rejuvenates her father but also shows Sydney Carton the road to a better life. After meeting with Lucie, Sydney becomes a changed man who is no longer the drunken fool that everyone thinks he is. He actually starts to care about his life and all the people that he shares it with. John Fitzgerald Kennedy said that the courage people exhibit in normal everyday life is often considered to be less significant than acts of courage that are done in the heat of the moment, but actually have the same significance. A Tale of Two Cities, a novel by Charles Dickens agrees with this quote through the use of characterization and theme. This novel has a wonderful variety of characters that make this quote a truthful statement.

Lines and Angles in ACT Math Review and Practice

Lines and Angles in ACT Math Review and Practice SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips There are several math topics that act as foundations for understanding ACT Math, even though there are not many questions specifically dedicated to the topic. This is most certainly the case for line and angle problems. Though it is rare to see a pure line and angle problem (without the addition of other geometric shapes), you’ll need to know just how lines and angles work and how to solve for all your missing measures before you can take on those more complex problems. This will be your complete guide to lines and angles on the ACT- what they are, how you’ll see them on the test, and how to solve these types of questions to maximize your points on test day. Properties of Lines and Angles Before we get into how lines and angles function, let’s define our terms. A line is a completely straight marker, meaning it has no curvature. It can either have termination points (and will be called a â€Å"line segment†) or go on infinitely. Its degree measure is always 180 °. Parallel lines are two or more lines that are a set distance apart (equidistant) and never meet. They travel in the same direction continuously. Perpendicular lines meet each other at 90 degree angles. An angle is the meeting of two lines. The measure of how they meet is expressed in degrees, and the point at which they intersect is called the angle’s â€Å"vertex.† Line and Angle Equalities Most of what you’ll need to know about lines and angles on the ACT is how to identify when and how they will be equal or supplementary to one another. Equal angles (or lines) are angles (or lines) that have the same measurement. Supplementary angles are angles that add up to 180 degrees. Because all these angles form a straight line and a straight line equals 180 degrees, the three angles are supplementary. Opposite Angles When two (or more) lines intersect, they form a series of opposite angles. Angles that are exactly opposite will always be equal to one another. Both sets of opposite angles will be equal. Opposite Interior Angles When there are two parallel lines that are crossed by another line (called a transversal), the angles on alternate interiors will be equal to one another. And the angles that are on the same side of the transversal line and the same side of their respective parallel lines will also be equal. That may be difficult to picture, so let’s look at a diagram: The marked angles are all congruent (equal) and the unmarked angles are all congruent. (Note: when you are told that two lines are parallel on ACT Math, the problem will almost always involve opposite interior angles in some way.) Now let’s look at an opposite interior angle ACT problem. Here, the test has made it slightly tricky by asking you for supplementary angles instead of equal ones. But the principle remains the same- we must identify angle measurements/equalities by using opposite interior angle equalities. We can see straight away that $x$ lies on a straight line with both 1 and 2, so angles 1 and 2 will be supplementary with $x$. We can also see that angles 1 and 10 are opposite interior angles and so will be equal to one another. And angle 9 is opposite angle 10 and thus will also be equal. This means that angle $1 = 2 = 9 = 10$ and all are supplementary to $x$. Finally, we can ignore the angles 4, 5, 6, 7 and 12, 13, 14, 15. Why? Because lines $c$ and $d$ are not parallel and so do not have opposite interior angle equalities. This means that $x$ is only supplementary to angles 1, 2, 9, 10. Our final answer is H. Equal lines and equal angles can be quite disorientingin the right hands. Typical Line and Angle Problems Almost every line and angle problem on the ACT is given to you as a diagram problem. You will be presented with a series of givens and then told to find a missing value of some kind. Almost always, this requires multiple steps and the use of multiple pieces of line/angle knowledge. The other notable feature of lines and angle problems on the ACT is that you will be given a â€Å"pure† line and angle problem very rarely. Most of them involve other geometric shapes in some way, most commonly triangles. The good news is that you will generally not need to know more than the fact that all the interior angles in a triangle add up to 180 degrees, but check out our guide to ACT triangles if you are unfamiliar with or unused to working with triangles. Now, we are told that two lines are parallel, so there’s a good chance we’ll need to use our opposite interior angle knowledge. With that in mind, let us expand the drawing we are given so that we can see our opposite interior angles more clearly. Using our opposite interior angles, we know that angle BAC is 82, which means that angle ACX must also be 82 degrees. We can also see that angles ACX and ACD make a straight line. Their sum must therefore be 180 degrees. $ACX + ACD = 180$ $82 + ACD = 180$ $ACD = 98$ We are also told that lines AE and CE are bisectors, which means they cut their respective angles exactly in half. This means that angle EAC = $82/2 = 41$ And angle ECA = $98/2 = 49$ Now, we also know that a the interior angles of a triangle add up to 180 degrees, so we are able to find our angle measure AEC by: $AEC + EAC + ECA = 180$ $AEC + 41 + 49 = 180$ $AEC + 90 = 180$ $AEC = 90$ Our final answer is C, angle AEC is 90 degrees. As we said before, this question is representative of most line and angle problems you’ll see on the test. Based on your givens, you must use your knowledge of opposite interior angles (opposite interiors are equal) and your knowledge of the degree measure of a line (a line is 180 degrees) in order to put together all the clues and solve your problem. And yet, in addition to understanding the properties of lines and angles by themselves, you must also understand the basics of triangles. Because many ACT problems that involve lines and angles also use triangles, your knowledge of lines and angles should definitely be supplemented with triangle study. So don’t forget to brush up on your ACT triangles! Now let's check out our angle tips and tricks. Tips for Solving a Line and/or Angle Problem Most of the time, you must solve a line and angle question piece by piece in order to unlock the final solution. This means you must be careful and vigilant that you keep not only your facts and equalities straight, but your variables as well. As you go through this process, keep in mind these three tips: Tip 1: Write in your givens If you are given a diagram in which your givens are NOT written in, then write them in yourself! Sometimes, seeing the numbers on the page can make all the difference in the world between a difficult problem and an easy one. You’ll also be far less likely to mix up your numbers and variables if you keep your work on the page instead of in your head. Tip 2: Work from your givens to find the next puzzle piece Sometimes, it can be tricky to know where or when or in what order to work through a problem. Take a moment to find what you can before you worry about how to go forward. If you have opposite angles, write in the measure of the angle opposite your given. If you have angles that make a straight line, find the value of the missing variable. Immediately find the missing pieces that you can, and that bounty of information will often lead you straight to your solution. Tip 3: If necessary, use plugging in answers or plugging in numbers If you find yourself stuck (or there is literally no other way to solve the problem), then whip out your PIA or PIN knowledge. Sometimes the process can be slower than a straight solve, but these strategies will almost always get you where you need to go and so can be worth the extra seconds. Ready to put your knowledge to the test? Test Your Knowledge 1. 2. 3. 4. Answers: C, J, B, B Answer Explanations: 1. This problem requires multiple steps, so definitely write in your angle measurements as you find them. In order to find out how many angles measure 50 degrees, we must find the measures of all our angles, so let's go through the process. To begin with, we can see that the 130 degree angle lies on a straight line, so its supplementary angle will be: $180 - 130 = 50$ degrees. Now, we also know that opposite angles are equal, so the angle opposite 50 degrees must also be 50 degrees. We also know that a triangle adds up to be 180 degrees and that our figure in the center is a triangle. So: $180 - 80 - 50 = 50$ degrees. This means that the missing value in our triangle is also 50 degrees. Again, we know that opposite angles equal one another, so the angle opposite this 50 degrees will also be 50 degrees. Based on opposite interior angle equalities, the full angle at the opposite 130 degrees will also be 130 degrees. Because the full angle is 130 degrees and part of it is made up of an 80 degree angle, which means that we can find the other angle by saying: $130 - 80 = 50$ And again, the angle opposite this 50 degree angle will also be 50 degrees. We can also see that the 80 degree angle, plus the 50 degree angle, plus one of the unmarked angles will equal 180 degrees, since they make up a straight line. So we can find the unmarked angle by saying: $180 - 80 - 50 = 50$ Finally, we can use opposite angle equalities to find the last unmarked angle. We have found all our angle equalities, so all that's left is to count how many angles are equal to 50 degrees. There are a total of 8, 50 degree angles. Our final answer is C, 8. 2. For this question, we must use our knowledge that both straight lines and the sum of the interior angles in a triangle equal 180 degrees. First, let us find the measure of angle $y$. Angle $y$ makes a straight line with the 72 degree angle, so: $y + 72 = 180$ $y = 108$ Now, we can use the same process to find angle $x$, which forms a straight line with the 57 degree angle. $x + 57 = 180$ $x = 123$ Now, let us find angle $z$ by first finding the third, unknown, angle in the triangle (which we will call angle $a$). The interior angles in a triangle add up to 180 degrees, so: $a + 57 + 72 = 180$ $a + 129 = 180$ $a = 51$ Now, let’s use that angle to find $z$. The two angles make a straight line, so their sum will be 180. $a + z = 180$ $51 + z = 180$ $z = 129$ (Note: you may notice that the sum of the two non-adjacent interior angles of the triangle is equal to the exterior angle. This is not a coincidence and is in fact one of the many rules of triangles. But don’t worry about having to memorize this rule- you can always find the exterior angles using the properties of straight lines just how we did!) Now, we must find the sum of angles $x, y,$ and $z$, so let’s add our values together. $108 + 123 + 129$ $360$ Our final answer is J, 360. 3. Here, we are dealing with several bisecting angles. This means that the angles are cut exactly in half. This means that angle ABD = DBE and angle DBE = EBC. And because DBE is equal to both ABD and EBC, it means that angles ABD and EBC are also equal. This means that we have three equal angles, all making one line. And we know a line equals 180 degrees, so: $x + x + x = 180$ $3x = 180$ $x = 60$ Each angle measure is 60 degrees, which means that angle DBE is 60 degrees. Our final answer is B, 60 degrees. 4. We can see that angle BAC is part of a triangle. And we know that we need two angle measures of a triangle in order to determine the third. But we can also see that the 45 degree angle is opposite one of our unknown interior triangle angles. Because opposite angles are equal, this means that our second unknown interior angle of the triangle is 45 degrees. We now have two angle measures of the triangle, so let us find the measure of BAC. $BAC + 35 + 45 = 180$ $BAC + 80 = 180$ $BAC = 100$ Measure BAC is 100 degrees. Our final answer is B, 100 degrees. These problems require multiple steps, but the process is often simpler than it looks. So don't tire yourself out prematurely. The Take-Aways The trickiest aspect about line and angles questions is the fact that they require multiple steps and several different numbers and measurements. It can be easy to mix-up your solutions and your work due to careless error, so make sure you take steps to avoid doing so. Remember your equalities, keep your work organized, and do your best to avoid careless errors. Once you’ve locked down lines and angles, you will be well equipped to take on the more and more complex geometry problems the ACT will throw at you over the course of the test. What’s Next? Now that you've learned all about your lines and angles, make sure you're up to speed on the rest of your must-know math topics and formulas for the ACT. Look to our ACT Math tag for all of our guides to ACT Math, including ratios, solid geometry, and more. Studying last minute? Check out our tips for making your time count before test day. Running out of time on the ACT math section? Make sure you review how to buy yourself extra time as you go through your test. Looking to get a perfect score? Perfection is far from unobtainable, so check out our article on how to get a 36 on ACT Math, written by a perfect scorer. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes what you study to your strengths and weaknesses. If you liked this Math lesson, you'll love our program. Along with more detailed lessons, you'll get thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Business synoptic - Nestle( case study& Questions) Essay

Business synoptic - Nestle( case study& Questions) - Essay Example Having recognized emerging markets and popularly positioned products as one the key growth drivers, the company’s management has developed a well-grounded strategy, focusing on absolutely new customer segments (Van Dijk and Cantarell, 2010). Obviously, while developing the company’s growth strategy, Nestle’s management team relied heavily on the global market trends and development tendencies. Developed markets were already saturated with the Nestle’s products, and did not present such great growth opportunities as the emerging markets did. Additionally, the large Western European and North American markets became mature; population growth in some countries had stagnated and in some countries there had been a small decline in food consumption (Case study, n.d.). It was evident that the declines in consumer spending and retail sales did not fit to the Nestle’s growth objectives. In response to these challenges, Nestle has made â€Å"a move of the kn ight† by focusing on emerging markets. As it has been already mentioned, developing markets represented great opportunities for multinational companies, such as Nestle. In order to receive evidence that the Nestle’s growth strategy to expand globally to emerging markets was rationally planned, let us take a brief look at the recent global trends and forecasts. According to the Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, the emerging markets comprise about 82% of global population (Van Dijk and Cantarell, 2010). Considering the forecasts of the Population Division, the amount of new emerging consumers will increase by 1 billion in the next 10 years (Van Dijk and Cantarell, 2010). Unlike most developed markets, GDP in emerging markets is expected to continue to grow, and populations in many emerging countries are younger, increasingly urban and showing a growing interest in modern retail formats (Food Industry of India, 2010). Urban growth rates are expected to be: moderate in Latin America, North America and Oceania; the most rapid in Southeast Asia and China; and the slowest in East Asia (Rajagopal, 2007, p.72). All these demographic changes will likely have more profound long-term implications for the food system of the country (Rajagopal, 2007, p.72). Thus, the Nestle’s growth strategy pursues long-term perspectives that promise unbelievable growth and sales. According to the World Bank forecasts, the economies in Indonesia, China, Malaysia, India and Thailand are expected to grow quickly in the next few years, the number of people with more than $3,000 in annual income is set to rise more than 40% between 2008 and 2018 (Mijuk, 2010). Consequently, higher incomes of emerging customers will allow them to buy the products, produced by the global food leader (here Nestle). For Nestle it means that the company will be able to sell its products to much larger amount of customers and t o satisfy their modern needs and wants. Therefore, the Nestle’s focus on its growth efforts on emerging markets really does make sense. However, this strategy would make little sense, if Nestle failed to develop appropriate entry strategy to maximize the opportunities and to ignore the threats each emerging market represents. In spite of various legal, economic, environmental restrictions in certain emerging

The Pros & Cons of In-House Versus Outsourced R&D Activity for Assignment

The Pros & Cons of In-House Versus Outsourced R&D Activity for Technology Firms - Assignment Example This research will begin with the statement that there is recent evidence showing that firms no longer depend entirely on in-house R&D to maintain their technological competitiveness. This development, in as much as it has been contended, in portions reflects technological and economical globalization, whereby there is an increasing correspondence in categories of technologies across countries of harmony. Consequently, cross border competition is growing which has resulted in fewer opportunities for profits despite higher costs in retaining technological resources to remain internationally competitive. On the other hand, there is evidence that outsourcing research and development (R&D) activities are on the increase too, for instance in the R&D Magazine January 2001 Issue reports according to a survey of the people reading, a significant portion of the total R&D would be outsourced. The term non – internal is a premeditated one and is proposed to comprise of both outer activit ies (arms-length relationships that include licensing, R&D contracts, outsourcing and other customer supplier relationships) and quasi-external activity like strategic alliances which is said to involve a good number of organizational methods. Non- internal activities are advantageous as they are a ‘reversible’ asset as well as benefits of exploring new areas prompting radical transformation. The funds needed are smaller and the dangers are to a great extent reduced and, in case of the organizational predicament of failure, the limited damage is imposed on primary operations of the firm.

Issues Affecting Teaching and Learning

Issues Affecting Teaching and Learning The purpose of this assessment is to demonstrate an understanding of pupil learning in relation to learning theories and establish links between effective pupil learning and teaching strategies. In this essay, I will address the key issues that impact on effective teaching and learning strategies for learners of business studies in secondary school. In doing this, I will refer to my own experience and observations in the classroom and to lessons given as well as to objectives and evaluations. I will also refer to learning and pedagogical theories, curriculum, standards and policy documents that inform practice. I will use examples from two specific lessons, on profit and loss and personal budgeting and, from these examples, establish links between theory and practice. It is first of all useful to begin with an understanding of the curriculum expectations of the teaching of business studies and the changes that have occurred over the past thirty years and also in light of recent reforms that aim to â€Å"raise the education and skills levels of students by delivering a curriculum which gives life and social skills,† and prepares students â€Å"for a fast-changing worl d† (Department for Children, School and Family, 2008). Curricular knowledge, as well as subject and pedagogical knowledge are the â€Å"three important aspects† (Hammon, 2005, p. 26) a teacher needs to understand and master. The aim of recent reforms in the education of young people is to make â€Å"education more relevant to todays world.† As such, business studies and the core skills of ICT have become a priority in preparing young people for higher study and employment. This strong shift towards education as preparing students for employment, further study, and becoming citizens in a globalised world, demands that secondary education be used to foster the development of students in terms of their practical and vocational potential. This shift raises, yet again, all the great pedagogical questions (Jephcote and Abbott, 2005) which teachers may not be able to answer, but will nonetheless help in understanding the purpose of teaching business studies in the way informed by government policy and to guide teachers – both experienced and novice – in understanding why and how to best teach their subject. These pedagogical questions concern whether business, career and work-related education in schools should meet the demands and needs of the individual learners or of â€Å"society and economics† in general. These questions also consider whether schools should be concerned with changing society or â€Å"preserving the social order,† whether career and work-related education should be a vehicle for preparing good and morally responsible social individuals, and whether education should prepare learners for their life after school or simply teach students how to successful learners (Jephcote an d Abbott, 2005, p. 6). These questions seem to raise conflicting ideas and goals, but they are mutually supportive: learners who enjoy the learning experience for its own sake will also be able to better employ the concepts, facts and skills learnt beyond their schooling. In any case, the very basis of career and work-related education is founded on instrumental value, regardless of whether or not students students find any intrinsic value in it, any value in learning for the sake of learning, that is. In terms of instrumental value, employers have expectations that career and business education will provide them with a capable and skilled workforce. Students need to gain knowledge and skills that will make them somehow useful in society. Hence the strong shift in policy focus: in 2005, employers were less than satisfied with the level of business awareness that school leavers and graduates had brought to the workforce (Kelly, 2005, p. 21). But apart from employers, both parents and students themselves also hope to gain some instrumental value from their study of career and work-related subjects: they want to become successful at finding jobs. As far as the schools part in all of this, and by extension the teachers, there is a â€Å"legal responsibility† to provide opportunities for â€Å"careers education, work-related learning and enterprise and financial capability† at key stages 3 and 4 (Department for Education and Employment and Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, 1999). By thus understanding the focus of government policy and curriculum expectations teachers then need to find their own ways of improving student outcomes, all the while working within their preferred ideological or pedagogical frameworks and holding their personal beliefs about education and their role as teachers, while taking into account the preferences of students. In light of all this policy change and reform, teachers effectively become â€Å"agents of† decisions made by others, instead of controlling decisions that will impact on their classrooms (Cohen, 2005, p. p. 16). Teachers, instead of feeling threatened by this, find comfort and confidence in knowing exactly what is expected of them and their students. Policy, frameworks and standards provide an excellent scaffolding for teachers to develop their own teaching objectives within the strict framework. After all, when it comes to teaching, â€Å"the way you do it is just as important as what you do† (Kyriacou, 2001, p. 31). It is an acknowledged pedagogical trait that effective teaching of a given subject is influenced by a teachers confidence in the chosen teaching method and resources used as well as a clear understanding of the principles behind lesson objectives, just as much as it is the teachers subject knowledge and expertise. Similarly, effective learning is influenced by student confidence in the teacher and knowledge taught, as well as the freedom to learn via different learning strategies and the ability to control their learning process. A confident teacher will have a clear understanding of pedagogical frameworks and curriculum expectations and also be sensitive to student needs and preferential learning styles (Kyriacou, 2001). When it comes to teaching and learning business awareness, learners will often have to master quite new concepts, such as profit, cost, revenue and budget. As such, teachers might intuitively respond to this need by understanding their role as one in which they must â€Å"impart† or â€Å"transmit† the knowledge that they have about the subject to the students who do not yet have this knowledge. In fact, this understanding of teaching is in line with Wood (1997) who offers four ways of teaching in a type of hierarchy. The first, that of teaching as imparting knowledge, fits into an objectivist (Fox, 1983) understanding of knowledge as something that exists independently of the knower. The process of acquiring knowledge then, is simply one which involves learning something that already exists. According to Wood, as a teacher becomes more experienced, so too will their chosen mode of teaching become more complex. From the understanding of teaching as imparting knowledge, the teacher develops that understanding to teaching as preparing students to use knowledge, teaching as providing opportunities for students to explore different perspectives, and finally, teaching as preparing students to be reflective (Davies and Brant, 2006, p. 182). In the case of teaching profit and loss, a teacher, especially a novice teacher, might well see that these concepts already exist in the world business and the best way to deliver this knowledge to students is when they act as expects who impart this knowledge. This understanding of teaching was observed in a lesson on profit and loss (Appendix I). The lesson objectives were stated as thus: Students should be able to define profit and loss; Students should be able to explain the relationship between turnover, cost of sales, gross profit and net profit; Students should be able to calculate net profit and gross profit and make assumptions about the profitability of a business (Salbstein, 2001). The lesson aimed to impart information, facts and definitions about key concepts in profit and loss, via a traditional method of introducing the language and definitions on the classroom board for students to record in their books. Methods of calculation were also introduced. The teachers role i n this lesson was a central role as the main expert facilitator of the knowledge of profit and loss. Once the concepts had been given and discussed, students were directed to study in pairs on the computers by accessing an online lesson of profit and loss, which included an online quiz (Salbstein, 2001) to test student understanding of the concepts taught. This method is a type of information-processing method, whereby learners are presented with information and then asked to manipulate it, in this instance by quiz work, but also by re-wording learnt definitions and discussing concepts. According to Davies and Brant (2006, p. 121) this theory of learning is based on the idea that when learners learn new information is â€Å"processed and stored in the mind.† While this is suggested as an effective method for applied learning, this method is limiting because it treats all learners in the same way, disregarding individual preferences and learning styles. Another method, which is classic but limiting, is the method based on an understanding of learning as a behaviour that changes in response to environmental factors, such as positive reinforcement. This is Skinners behaviourist model. Learning based on this method suggests that each stage of learning be broken down into parts or steps and rewards given following successful completi on of each step. Davies and Brant (2006) suggest that this method is useful in teaching vocational and ICT-related tasks and skilled, but is limited because it does not provide a holistic view of learning and knowledge acquisition. The lesson outlined above, while presented in a comparatively limiting way, was not unsuccessful. This is because of the appeal of the ICT element in teaching, when students worked through the online tutorial. In evaluating the success of the lesson it was noted that students remained on task longer and were motivated to learn about the subject. ICT is an important and necessary element in career and work-related education when used to â€Å"complement teaching† (Jephcote and Abbott, 2005). ICT is more than merely a teaching tool and has the potential â€Å"empower† students by â€Å"liberat[ing] users from routine tasks† and also by making â€Å"accessible vast amounts of information† (Leask and Pachler, 1999, p. 4). In fact, current education policy in the UK stresses the importance of ICT in the classroom, simply because the increased use of technology â€Å"in all aspects of society makes confident, creative and productive use of ICT an essential skil l for lifeICT capability is fundamental to participation and engagement in modern society† (Department for Education and Employment and Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, 1999a, p. 1). As seen in the above lesson on profit and loss, students were able to locate further information in order to extend and consolidate their newly acquired knowledge of the subject being taught and were able to gain rapid and direct access to ideas and experiences from a wide range of people. In this case, the online tutorial was devised and designed by a teacher from another school. The results of this rather simply designed and planned lesson on profit and loss were positive and showed agreement with findings by Tomlinson (1981) who found that ICT increases motivation in students and increases their commitment to learning their subject. In fact, Tomlinson found that ICT enhanced the confidence and self-esteem of learners, as well as stimulating student determination to learn the subject, the amount of time spent on task, and the level of control over their own learning experience. All of these factors were seen in this lesson on profit and loss. But ICT is not just a beneficial tool for students, it is also a tool that the Qualified Teacher Standards expect teachers will use (Training and Development Agency for Schools, 2007) because it also â€Å"raises the profile† of teachers, makes teachers refresh their perspective on what they are teaching, and offers the potential for a variety of individual and group activities (Leask and Pachler, 1999, p. 5). Teachers should try to vary their teaching style as often as possible and exhibit â€Å"a knowledge and understanding of a range of teaching, learning and behaviour management strategies and know how to use and adapt them† (Training and Development Agency for Schools, 2007, p. 8) Teachers should bring in new tools and new ways to present information, and giving students as many opportunities to learn facts and skills in a variety of ways (Davies and Brant, 2006, p. 142) and this is because within any given class a teacher will encounter students with various learn ing styles. For example, visual learners, who enjoy learning with pictures, graphs, artefacts and videos; auditory learners, who enjoy discussion and listening to tapes; and kinaesthetic learners, who enjoy simulations and role play. Ideally, a subject will be approached using all of these methods in the classroom. Moving away from the information processing models which are learning theories that tend to attract teacher-centred learning styles, there are the learning theories that are more student-centred, and these are called experiential learning theories. The theory underpinning this experiential model is one that stresses the relationship between experience and learning. Each individual student, it is theorised, has collected a range of experiences about a phenomenon and it is this range of experience that is called upon to introduce a new topic. Davies and Brant (1999) discuss Kolbs learning cycle and note that lessons informed by the experiential theory begin with student experience and examples instead of teacher-imparted principles and concepts. Kolbs learning cycle begins with the teacher calling on student experience as a way of introducing a new subject. Next students are encouraged to reflect on their experiences, to make generalisations from their experiences and, finally, to act on this new knowledge (Davies and Brant, 1999, p. 168). This theory of learning was implemented in a lesson on budgeting (Appendix II). This lesson aimed to introduce the concept of budgeting and the wide range of costs that might be involved in advertising and promoting a product (which the students had designed in a previous lesson). The learning activity was to plan a promotional event to advertise and promote their product to the public. Students were expected to investigate the costs involved, generate data and produce a projected budget for the event. The role of the teacher in this lesson was to motivate students to discuss their own experiences of budgeting before they began the learning activity. As such, the teacher led a discussion about students spending habits over a typical week. The leading questions were: a) What do you spend your money on in a typical week? b) Do you spend more money during some parts of the week than others? Are there more expensive periods of the week? c) Do you keep track of your spending habits? Or do you just spend until your money runs out? d) Do you feel that you miss out on things youd like to spend money on because you have run out of money? (Appendix II; Mark Your Challenge 2008). It was after this discussion that the actual lesson activity was introduced. Students were asked to investigate where money might be spent in organising a promotional event. The teacher introduced the idea that an effective budget means that one must have good and clear knowledge of where the money might be spent. Students were directed to use the Internet, newspapers and magazines in order to gain background information about what such organising such an event might demand and were asked to present their prospective budgetary conclusions in a format they chose. The lesson ended with group discussion following presentation of student-group findings. This lesson was particularly successful, as students responded confidently. The underlying theory behind this method is strikingly different to the information-imparting and information-processing theory that informed the lesson on profit and loss. Here, knowledge was not understood to be something that the teacher had and that the students did not have, but rather, that the students themselves already knew something about the subject and could further their knowledge with teacher-led guidance. This understanding of knowledge is social constructivist one. Some factors involved in understanding this approach is that learners are essentially being introduced to new ways of â€Å"interpreting the world that has been constructed by academic disciplines or communities of practice.† For these new ways to become meaningful, the students needs to actively construct or reconstruct the knowledge in their own way, and this usually occurs by linking new knowledge to the real world, and to some real context, so as to bridge the gap between what is considered â€Å"school knowledge† and â€Å"everyday knowledge† (Davies and Brant, 2006, p. p. 170). Moreover, students need to do this via dynamic and meaningful social interaction. In fact, it is not enough to simply provide access to the environment about which they are learning, that is, through work placement or even business-related simulations and role-plays, but through authentic interaction with teachers and othe r students, as well as with experts in the subject they are studying. It was Piaget (1968) who stressed the importance of social interaction, because when students participate in discussion with others – peers or experts – Piaget found that they become stimulated to express content in their own language. By re-evaluating content on their own terms and with their own language, they are able to further develop their understanding of the subject taught. It is this social interaction, that enables them to process information learnt and make sense of the subject in an dynamic way, using their own language to articulate and reformulate what they have learnt. In this way, they are not just mimicking concepts, definitions and strategies learnt in the classroom but integrating what they have learnt about knowledge already constructed by a particular community – in this case the business community – and the success of this occurs when learners have experienced posi tive interactions. This understanding of the learning process also links to into what is called the â€Å"zone of proximal development† (Vygotsky, 1978). This idea refers to the understanding that what we already know gives us â€Å"access† to things we do not yet know, so long as there is some help from a guiding expert. In the case of the lesson on budgeting, students already had some knowledge of money spent and the practical use of budgeting to make sure that money does not run out. From this personal knowledge, a teacher can guide learners towards more complex knowledge about a business situation. In evaluating the success of the lesson on budgeting, this social constructivist approach proved to be very useful. In conclusion then, and in light of the importance placed on teachers having â€Å"high expectations† of their students (Training and Development Agency for Schools, 2007, p. 7), when designing lessons informed by various pedagogical theories and curriculum expectations, teachers can foster successful learning outcomes when they integrate their own knowledge of pedagogy, curriculum and subject and their own beliefs and expectations about the teaching and learning experience to produce successful educational experiences. The teachers high expectations of students were met with both lessons discussed above: the lesson on profit and loss with key concepts being delivered and then students encouraged to approach the subject using ICT activities, but also the lesson on budgeting which encouraged students to use their own personal experiences as a way into the lesson. Both lessons met the high expectations the teacher had of the learners and both teachers and students participated i n a fully educational experience which fostered an environment of trust and a strong commitment to learning. Appendix I Lesson plan: Profit and Loss Learning intentions: To introduce the concept of profit and loss and the related concepts of revenue and costs. To introduce simple verbal definitions and a mathematical equation in order to calculate and use the ratios of gross and net profit to understand a companys profitability. Resources: Teachers guided worksheet, and Internet tutorial and quiz (Salbstein, 2001). 1/ Lesson content: INTRODUCTION Time: 5 mins. Teacher: Teaching role, teacher-led. Begin lesson with a story to introduce topic of class lesson an to engage student. The topic is the concept to be learnt – that of profit and loss – and why it is important for business. The story: A business person runs a company which produces mp3 players. These products are sold so that the company makes more money that what the company spends. When a company makes more money than what is spent, we call this profit. Ask the question: Why would profit be an important concept in business? Students give their answers. Teacher confirms: Profit is an important idea in business because it shows us whether a business is successful (Salbstein, 2001). 2/ Lesson content: DEFINITIONS Time: 10 mins Teacher: Teaching role, teacher-led. Introduce key definitions and mathematical equations: Profit, Gross Profit, Net Profit, Revenue, Cost, Ratios. 3/ Lesson content: MAIN PART OF LESSON Time 35 mins. Teacher: Teaching role, guide. Student: In pairs, computer activity, student-led. Students now go to computers to proceed in pairs to complete an online tutorial on Profit and Loss Accounts (Salbstein, 2001). Each student pair is asked to check, compare and rewrite the definitions given by the teacher earlier with definitions given in the tutorial. Students complete the challenge quiz – record answers and and any concepts or ideas to be clarified. 4/ Lesson content: CONCLUSION Time: 10 mins Teacher: Teaching role, teacher-led. Student: group discussion activity. Students are asked how they well the participated in the online quiz and which questions they found challenging or sought clarification about. Students were asked if they reworked the definitions of issued at the beginning of class and asked to consolidate their ideas about why profit is important in business. Appendix II Lesson plan: Understanding budgeting. [This lesson plan is devised from, with slight adaptations, from the Mark Your Challenge 2008 Money Matters Lesson Plan]. Learning intentions: To introduce the concept of budgeting and to understand the variety of costs involved in planning a promotional event to market a student-devised product. Learning activity: To plan a promotional event to market a student-devised product and investigate the overall costs involved. To produce a budget for the project. Resources: Internet, teachers notes, personal experience. 1/ Lesson content: INTRODUCTION Time: 10 mins. Teacher: Teaching role, teacher-led. Student discussion activity. Begin lesson with a discussion about students general spending within a given week. Leading questions: What do you spend your money on in a typical week? b) Do you spend more money during some parts of the week than others? Are there more expensive periods of the week? c) Do you keep track of your spending habits? Or do you just spend until your money runs out? d) Do you feel that you miss out on things youd like to spend money on because you have run out of money? Students respond with their own knowledge based on personal experience. 2/ Lesson content: MAIN PART OF LESSON Time: 40 mins Teacher: Teaching role, teacher-led. Student group work. Teacher introduces learning activity. Students meet in groups to discuss the planned event and potential costs that might be incurred. Students are encouraged to think about all the ways in which money might be spent and to organise expenses into main areas of expenditure. Students are asked to present their data in their own format. 3/ Lesson content: CONCLUSION Time 10 mins. Teacher: Teaching role, guide. Student: In pairs, computer activity, student-led. Students present and discuss their findings and compare to other group findings. Students are encouraged to question their results and data and to compare and contrast differences with other groups. Bibliography Capel, S., et al. 2001. Learning to Teach in the Secondary School: A Companion to the School Experience. 4th Edition. London: RoutledgeFarmer. Cohen, L., et al., 2005. A Guide to Teaching Practice. New York: Routledge. Davies, P., and Brant, J., 2006. Business, Economics and Enterprise. London: Routledge. Department for Children, School and Family. 2008. 14-19 Reform [online]. Available from: http://www.teachernet.gov.uk/teachingandlearning/14to19. [Accessed: 2 January 2009]. Department for Education and Employment and Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, 1999a, Information and communication technology. London. [online] Available from: http://curriculum.qca.org.uk/ [Accessed: 2 January 2009]. Department for Education and Employment and Qualifications and Curriculum Authority, 1999b, Personal, social, health and economic education. London. [online] Available from: http://curriculum.qca.org.uk/ [Accessed: 2 January 2009]. Department for Education and Skills. 2006. An Integrated Approach to Teaching Key Skills in Business Studies and Information Technology – Case Studies. London: Learning and Skills Network. Dickinson, C., 2000. Effective Learning Activities. 2nd edition. Edinburgh:Network Educational Press Ltd. Fox, D., 1983. â€Å"Personal theories of teaching.† in Studies in Higher Education, 8(2), pp.151-163. Hammond, M., 2005. Next Steps in Teaching. New York: Routledge. Huddleston, P., and Oh, S.A., 2004. â€Å"The Magic Roundabout: Work-Related Learning within the 14-19 Curriculum.† in Oxford Review of Education, Vol. 30, No. 1, pp. 83-103. [online] Available from: http://www.jstor.org/stable/4127153. [Accessed: 2 January 2009]. Jephcote, M and Abbott, I., 2005. Teaching Business Education 14-19. London: David Fulton Publishers. Kelly, R., 2005. 14-19 Education and Skills White Paper. [online]. http://www.everychildmatters.gov.uk/_files/5E0841E69802CE6141F82801BC9F9BD6.pdf.[Accessed: 2 January 2009]. Kyriacou, K., 2001. Essential Teaching Skills. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. Leask, M., and Pachler, N., 1999. Learning to Teach Using ICT in the Secondary School. London: Routledge. Mark Your Challenge 2008. Money Matters Lesson Plan 2008. [online] Available from: http://www.tes.co.uk/article.aspx?storycode=3002443. [Accessed: 2 January 2008]. Piaget, J., 1968. Six Psychological Studies. London: London University Press. Salbstein, D., 2001. Profit and Loss Accounts. [online] Available from: http://www.teachnet-lab.org/london/dsalbstein/profit/index.htm. [Accessed: 2 January 2009]. Tomlinson, P. D., 1981. Understanding Teaching: Interactive Educational Psychology. London: McGraw-Hill. Training and Development Agency for Schools, 2007, â€Å"Professional Standards for Teachers: Qualified Teacher Status,† [online] Available from: http://www.tda.gov.uk/standards, [Accessed: 15 December 2008]. Vygotsky, L., 1978. Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Wood, D., 1997. How Children Think and Learn. London: Blackwell.

Marriage: Is It in Crisis?

Marriage in America Burin Bianca Ramirez October 11, 2012 Marriage: Is It In Crisis? In America, it is the traditional thing to do to get married to someone in order to spend the rest of your life with. Someone to go through the ups and downs of life with, someone to be there to support you no matter what, and even in most marriages someone to have children with and to create a family. All these are perfect examples of why people get married, so why wouldn’t you want all of these things in your life? Well society as we know it today is declining in all aspects including, economics, the work force, and even health care.It is no wonder why people have come to the realization that marriage is in crisis because of everything that is going on around us. In the articles I read, â€Å"The Marriage Crisis†, â€Å"Pimp My Bride† and â€Å"Few Good Men† there are different viewpoints and takes on my marriage is in trouble. The most important points I will be making and elaborating on in this passage about why marriage in in crisis today will be the realization people are coming to about a worthy marriage, how the media portrays marriage, and the economic and emotional state of marriage.While explaining these points we will ask ourselves, is marriage in crisis? In the earlier 1900s people were getting married for usually one reason: Stability. Times were hard back then and the only way people could make a living was if they had a â€Å"partner† to help out with a household/farm while the other spouse went out in the work force to earn a living and put food on the table. Having someone help you out with things at home makes things easier and that’s why they formed almost a business like partnership. In the article â€Å"The Marriage Crisis†, it explains the declining of marriage and the rising of cohabitation.This brings up my first point which is the realization people are coming to about a worthy marriage. In other words, people can now fend on their own, especially woman. Today, women have more rights and are able to participate in the work force just as much as men are. Woman are more independent now more than ever before and because of this they don’t need to force themselves in a marriage they don’t want to be in just so they are financially stable. This is why cohabitation exists. People want to know a person for a long time before they make any commitment and rush into a marriage without fully knowing the good and bad in a person.In addition to women’s rights, marriage is declining because women also have the power of education. Women are now getting degrees, making their own money (not having to rely on a man), and gaining a sense of personal fulfillment and to some women personal fulfillment is a lot more rewarding than fulfillment from a marriage. On the topic of marriage and society now, media comes into play. Technology has emerged excessively in the last decade, and w ith technology comes media. Of course there are many different sources of media but we’ll just focus of television.In the article â€Å"Pimp My Bride†, the author Judith Halberstam explains the world of marriage on reality television based program. She includes shows like The Bachelor, Average Joe, and Joe Millionaire. All these shows portray one message: how marriage is outside of normal society which includes financial responsibilities, children, families, work, and other outside conflicts that usually affect a normal relationship/marriage. Halberstam explains how these reality television shows are known as â€Å"survival of the cutest† where these shows are simply based on looks, although they try to mix in personality with it, it usually doesn’t work that way.Shows like The Bachelor are scripted programs that only get our hopes up and make us think that marriage is perfect and nothing gets in the way of that relationship. Well that is totally wrong. W hat they don’t show is how marriage really is outside of that program. Usually with these shows, once the couple returns back to reality and to their normal lives, the relationship rarely lasts because conflicts that normal couples go through are suddenly hitting them and they realize that the perfect relationship they had before is not going to work in reality.This is why it is important to realize that these are just shows and you need to be smarter than to believe that your relationship/marriage is going to be as perfect as the ones you see on television. Those shows are strictly for entertainment purposes. Stepping aside from reality television marriages, and their â€Å"perfect† relationships, there is a need to talk about the reality of marriage. Do people get married? Of course they do. Do people get divorced? Of course they do. Why?When you marry someone it is because at that time you can see spending the rest of your life with them, but things can change and p eople can change and if you can’t seem to accept those changes divorce is usually the answer to get away from that and that is perfectly okay. I am a firm believer that if you are not happy in your marriage you have the right to divorce. I understand the spiritual side of marriage and how that can be a process and that there needs to be an appropriate reason for an annulment but overall people still have the right to break off a marriage that isn’t happy anymore.Why spend the rest of your life with someone you can’t be fully happy with, that is just making yourself suffer and can affect you in many different ways. If you do get divorced, you can always remarry and hopefully find your soul mate. On the other hand, remarrying is not for everyone. In the article â€Å"Few Good Men†, we notice a focus on single low-income women and their views about marriage. In their eyes marriage is more of a risk than a reward because they feel that nothing is certain or p romised in a marriage.With all the hardships they already have to go through now, having a marriage in which the husband beats them, abuses their children, who is controlling, or is unfaithful is just not worth the risk, and they’d rather stay single and fend for themselves rather than depend on someone who is not suitable for them. Now, they are not saying that they wouldn’t marry a man; he just has to be the right one, and to be completely honest there aren’t a lot of those kinds of men left. Marriages in low-income couples are not likely to last because of affordability, respectability, trust and control.Low-income couples sometimes do not work out because they depend of both the husbands and wife’s income. If a husband were to lose or quit his job the amount of necessities they can afford is very little. And when you add children to a household with two parents but only one income in an already low-income marriage, there is only enough supplies to go around for the children and very little left for the one providing and the one that is jobless, in this case the husband, is the one that doesn’t get anything which leads to marriages falling apart.In communities that are low-income based you would think that people there would not take marriage seriously but that is not the case. Women in those communities think of marriage as a â€Å"sacred† thing and they take it seriously. They all want that big, huge wedding that is magical just like everyone else. So they stray away from marriage because they’d rather not have a marriage in which the partner doesn’t take it seriously enough and doesn’t meet their expectations. Trust is also a big reason why women in these communities aren’t getting married.They simply just cannot trust men enough to marry them. They explain that at the end of the day â€Å"men will be men† and engage in an outside affair with another woman, and they will not put up with someone who is unfaithful. They also cannot trust them with handling money. It is not fair to the hard working women who are trying to pay the bills when the husband is spending their money on junk when they should be saving up and keeping that money handy for their children. And lastly, women feel that they cannot trust their husbands with their children.In the communities that they live in things like drugs and narcotics are easy to get a hold of and the women fear that the husband could be exposing their children to drugs and sadly, even sexually abusing their children. These make up all of the characteristics as to why poor women don’t marry. Based upon the evidence provided by the authors and their articles, I do in a way think that marriage is in crisis. People have such high expectations in what they want their marriage to be like, and they should aim for something high. In everything that is going on in the world now, people are entitled to be in a happy marr iage.Now, I am not totally convinced that marriage is in crisis. For those that do get married usually do it for the right reason: to be with the one you love for the rest of your life. Those marriages, I feel, are not in crisis. They understand the true meaning of loving someone unconditionally and they want to be in a marriage. So I other words, those who marry and don’t take it seriously are the ones that have marriages in crisis, but those who value marriage as a scared union help me believe that a happy marriage is still out there and it can be something to look forward to.In conclusion, society view marriage is in crisis because of all the changes that are going on around us and how it affects the institution of marriage. Economics and the work force take a toll on marriage today and put a strain on some aspects of marriage. People realizing the worthiness of a good marriage and the expectations they have on marriage has affected the decline of marriage and couples foun d cohabitation as an alternative of marriage. Media has affected the institution of marriage immensely through the works of reality television and how they portray marriage in a â€Å"fantasy world† rather than the real world.And lastly, marriage in low-income based communities is declining because of characteristics such as affordability, respectability, trust and control. So in essence, is marriage in crisis? I believe there is not right answer simply because the marriages in which the couple does not take the union seriously does put the institution of marriage in crisis but the few marriages that are perfectly happy are the ones to look up to and strive towards later on in life.